Following the introduction of new membership tiers and the resulting need to rein in spending following the loss of several board members – X/Open Co Ltd has restructured its organisation into several distinct business units in an attempt to cut costs. Branding is headed up by Graham Bird; publications is under the charge of Philip Holmes; user membership is managed by George Chaffner; testing is controlled by James de Raeve while Mike Lambert heads up specifications and technical membership. There is a separate sales team, managed by Bob Lewin: chief marketing manager, Alan Davies, has left the organisation. Each unit is a self-contained cost centre and has a list of deliverables and goals it must achieve.