Lotus Development Corp came a big step forward in defending its position against SAPC Inc, successor company to Software Arts Inc when Judge Robert Keeton, hearing the case in Boston ruled that when Lotus acquired Software Arts for $2.5m in 1985, it also acquired all pre-existing causes of action for copyright infringement: SAPC is suing Lotus alleging that 1-2-3 infringes copyright in the original spreadsheet program, VisiCalc; the judge has ordered separate trials on the ownership of VisiCalc and on the issue of copyright infringement.