IBM also named five new IBM Fellows who get complete freedom to pursue, for at least five years, any research or technical projects of their choice that are related to IBM’s business: they are Michael Cowlishaw, Winchester, Hampshire, creator of IBM’s REXX Systems Applications Architecture Procedures Language; Kent Howard, San Jose, an expert in the field of thin-film materials and their structure and properties; Dr Ellis Johnson, Yorktown Heights, New York, a world leader in the theory and practice of the mathematics of optimisation; Howard Kalter, Burlington, Vermont,a recognised leader in the field of semiconductor memory technology; and Randolph Scarborough, Palo Alto, California an expert in the field of programming technology.