Stephen Hawking and Elon Musk, along with hundreds of other academics and researchers, have endorsed a set of principles designed to guide AI development.
The world renowned cosmologist and Tesla CEO agree that machines are becoming more prevalent and more intelligent, and could eventually parallel human intelligence. In 2014 Professor Hawking warned that AI has the potential to threaten humanity and Musk has said that AI could be “more dangerous than nukes.”
This is why Hawking and Musk have thrown their support behind the 23 Asimolar AI Principles, drawn up by the Future of Life Institute, which are designed to ensure that machines exist to serve man, and never to rule over him.
The principles are as follows:
Research Issues
Research Goal:
The goal of Artificial Intelligence research should be to create not un-directed intelligence, but beneficial intelligence.
Research Funding:
Investments in Artificial Intelligence should be accompanied by funding for research on ensuring its beneficial use, including thorny questions in computer science, economics, law, ethics, and social studies, such as:
- How can we make future AI systems highly robust, so that they do what we want without malfunctioning or getting hacked?
- How can we grow our prosperity through automation while maintaining people’s resources and purpose?
- How can we update our legal systems to be more fair and efficient, to keep pace with AI, and to manage the risks associated with AI?
- What set of values should AI be aligned with, and what legal and ethical status should it have?
- 3) Science-Policy Link: There should be constructive and healthy exchange between AI researchers and policy-makers.
Research Culture:
A culture of cooperation, trust, and transparency should be fostered among researchers and developers of Artificial Intelligence.
Race Avoidance:
Teams developing Artificial Intelligence systems should actively cooperate to avoid corner-cutting on safety standards.
Ethics and Values
Safety:
Artificial Intelligence systems should be safe and secure throughout their operational lifetime, and verifiably so where applicable and feasible.
Failure Transparency:
If an Artificial Intelligence system causes harm, it should be possible to ascertain why.
Judicial Transparency:
Any involvement by an autonomous system in judicial decision-making should provide a satisfactory explanation auditable by a competent human authority.
Responsibility:
Designers and builders of advanced Artificial Intelligence systems are stakeholders in the moral implications of their use, misuse, and actions, with a responsibility and opportunity to shape those implications.
Value Alignment:
Highly autonomous Artificial Intelligence systems should be designed so that their goals and behaviors can be assured to align with human values throughout their operation.
Human Values:
Artificial Intelligence systems should be designed and operated so as to be compatible with ideals of human dignity, rights, freedoms, and cultural diversity.
Personal Privacy:
People should have the right to access, manage and control the data they generate, given Artificial Intelligence systems’ power to analyze and utilize that data.
Liberty and Privacy:
The application of Artificial Intelligence to personal data must not unreasonably curtail people’s real or perceived liberty.
Shared Benefit:
AI technologies should benefit and empower as many people as possible.
Shared Prosperity:
The economic prosperity created by AI should be shared broadly, to benefit all of humanity.
Human Control:
Humans should choose how and whether to delegate decisions to AI systems, to accomplish human-chosen objectives.
Non-subversion:
The power conferred by control of highly advanced AI systems should respect and improve, rather than subvert, the social and civic processes on which the health of society depends.
AI Arms Race:
An arms race in lethal autonomous weapons should be avoided.
Longer-term Issues
Capability Caution:
There being no consensus, we should avoid strong assumptions regarding upper limits on future AI capabilities .
Importance:
Advanced AI could represent a profound change in the history of life on Earth, and should be planned for and managed with commensurate care and resources.
Risks:
Risks posed by AI systems, especially catastrophic or existential risks, must be subject to planning and mitigation efforts commensurate with their expected impact.
Recursive Self-Improvement:
AI systems designed to recursively self-improve or self-replicate in a manner that could lead to rapidly increasing quality or quantity must be subject to strict safety and control measures.
Common Good:
Superintelligence should only be developed in the service of widely shared ethical ideals, and for the benefit of all humanity rather than one state or organization.
