Anti-dumping duties of a swingeing 43.2% were imposed by the European Commission on Friday on all Japanese daisywheel printer manufacturers apart from Tokyo Electric Co – TEC – and Tokyo Juki Industrial Co: those two will have to pay a 12.4% levy on every printer they sell in Europe. The duties are provisional for four months, after which they will come before the Council of Ministers for ratification. The Commission is responding to a study carried out on its behalf which indicated that between April 1986 and March 1987 the dumping margin was 21% to 22% for the named companies, up to 58% for the rest. The dumping margin is the difference between the selling price in Europe and that back home in Japan. As a result, Japanese manufacturers have undercut the Europeans by an average 15%, taking their share of the market to 74% in 1986 from 70% in 1983. Last year, 195,000 daisys, worth $300m, came in from Japan.