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Serial ATA, commonly known as SATA and abbreviated from Serial AT Attachment, is a computer bus interface that connects host bus adapters to mass storage devices.
The mass storage devices in question are things typically such as hard disk drives, optical drives, and solid-state drives.
SATA is a standard for connective hard drives into a computer system and it is based on serial signalling technology as opposed to Integrated Drive Electronics, which use parallel signalling.