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Consulting is an extremely broad subject area, but is basically engaging with experts that are giving advice on how to carry out tasks or strategies.
In technology is can also be referred to IT consulting, computer consultancy, business and technology services and IT advisory.
Basically though, it is consultancy firms advising organisations on how they can best use IT to improve their business.
Typically this is done through a contract for a period of time and a consultancy firm like Deloitte, Accenture, Capgemini, EY, KPMG, or others will be hired to help the business with a set of problems, or business initiative.
This can include things like a digital transformation or switching CRM provider. In this type of work then a consultancy firm may advise on different types of products and may assist with the integration and deployment, depending on the terms of the contract.
As technology has become more and more important to businesses finding a way to differentiate themselves from competitors, consultancy firms have grown in popularity.